HTML Entities

HTML Entities （HTML字符编码）

There are a lot of symbols that are not present on a standard keyboard (mathematical, technical, currency symbols, etc.). Also, there are symbols, which cannot be used because they can cause confusion. For example, we cannot use (>) greater than because in HTML this symbol stands for a tag, and the browser won’t show it. （标准键盘上没有许多符号（数学、技术、货币符号等）。此外，还有一些符号不能使用，因为它们会引起混淆。例如，我们不能使用(>)大于，因为在HTML中，此符号代表标记，浏览器不会显示它。）

In HTML, the entities display reserved characters, which can be confused with HTML code or invisible characters, like non-breaking spaces. Also, characters that are difficult or impossible to type with a keyboard. （在HTML中，实体显示保留字符，这些字符可能与HTML代码或不可见字符（如不间断空格）混淆。此外，还有难以或不可能用键盘键入的字符。）

You can use an HTML entity name to add such symbols to an HTML page. If an entity name does not exist, you can use a decimal, hexadecimal reference, or entity number. An entity name is easy to remember. But these names may not be supported by browsers. However, the support for numbers is good. （您可以使用HTML实体名称将此类符号添加到HTML页面。如果实体名称不存在，则可以使用十进制、十六进制引用或实体编号。实体名称很容易记住。但浏览器可能不支持这些名称。但是，对数字的支持很好。）

An HTML entity begins with an ampersand (&) and ends with a semicolon. （HTML实体以&开头，以分号结尾。）

Character Entities Commonly Used in HTML

Character Entities Commonly Used in HTML （HTML中常用的字符实体）

Result	Description	Entity Name	Entity Number

	non-breaking space
<	less than	<	<
>	greater than	>	>
&	ampersand	&	&
¢	cent	¢	¢
£	pound	£	£
¥	yen	¥	¥
€	euro	€	€
§	section	§	§
©	copyright	©	©
®	registered trademark	®	®
™	trademark	™	™

Math Symbols Supported by HTML

Math Symbols Supported by HTML （HTML支持的数学符号）

Character	Entity Number	Entity Name	Description

∀	∀	∀	for all
∂	∂	∂	part
∃	∃	∃	exists
∅	∅	∅	empty
∇	∇	∇	nabla
∈	∈	∈	isin
∉	∉	∉	notin
∋	∋	∋	ni
∏	∏	∏	prod
∑	∑	∑	sum
−	−	−	minus
∗	∗	∗	lowast
√	√	√	square root
∝	∝	∝	proportional to
∞	∞	∞	infinity
∠	∠	∠	angle
∧	∧	∧	and
∨	∨	∨	or
∩	∩	∩	cap
∪	∪	∪	cup
∫	∫	∫	integral
∴	∴	∴	therefore
∼	∼	∼	similar to
≅	≅	≅	congruent to
≈	≈	≈	almost equal
≠	≠	≠	not equal
≡	≡	≡	equivalent
≤	≤	≤	less or equal
≥	≥	≥	greater or equal
⊂	⊂	⊂	subset of
⊃	⊃	⊃	superset of
⊄	⊄	⊄	not subset of
⊆	⊆	⊆	subset or equal
⊇	⊇	⊇	superset or equal
⊕	⊕	⊕	circled plus
⊗	⊗	⊗	circled times
⊥	⊥	⊥	perpendicular
⋅	⋅	⋅	dot operator

Greek Letters Supported by HTML

Greek Letters Supported by HTML （HTML支持的希腊字母）

Character	Entity Number	Entity Name	Description

Α	Α	Α	Alpha
Β	Β	Β	Beta
Γ	Γ	Γ	Gamma
Δ	Δ	Δ	Delta
Ε	Ε	Ε	Epsilon
Ζ	Ζ	Ζ	Zeta
Η	Η	Η	Eta
Θ	Θ	Θ	Theta
Ι	Ι	Ι	Iota
Κ	Κ	Κ	Kappa
Λ	Λ	Λ	Lambda
Μ	Μ	Μ	Mu
Ν	Ν	Ν	Nu
Ξ	Ξ	Ξ	Xi
Ο	Ο	Ο	Omicron
Π	Π	Π	Pi
Ρ	Ρ	Ρ	Rho
Σ	Σ	Σ	Sigma
Τ	Τ	Τ	Tau
Υ	Υ	Υ	Upsilon
Φ	Φ	Φ	Phi
Χ	Χ	Χ	Chi
Ψ	Ψ	Ψ	Psi
Ω	Ω	Ω	Omega

α	α	α	alpha
β	β	β	beta
γ	γ	γ	gamma
δ	δ	δ	delta
ε	ε	ε	epsilon
ζ	ζ	ζ	zeta
η	η	η	eta
θ	θ	θ	theta
ι	ι	ι	iota
κ	κ	κ	kappa
λ	λ	λ	lambda
μ	μ	μ	mu
ν	ν	ν	nu
ξ	ξ	ξ	xi
ο	ο	ο	omicron
π	π	π	pi
ρ	ρ	ρ	rho
ς	ς	ς	sigmaf
σ	σ	σ	sigma
τ	τ	τ	tau
υ	υ	υ	upsilon
φ	φ	φ	phi
χ	χ	χ	chi
ψ	ψ	ψ	psi
ω	ω	ω	omega

ϑ	ϑ	ϑ	theta symbol
ϒ	ϒ	ϒ	upsilon symbol
ϖ	ϖ	ϖ	pi symbol

Other Entities Supported by HTML

Other Entities Supported by HTML （HTML支持的其他实体）

Character	Entity Number	Entity Name	Description

Œ	Œ	Œ	capital ligature OE
œ	œ	œ	small ligature oe
Š	Š	Š	capital S with caron
š	š	š	small S with caron
Ÿ	Ÿ	Ÿ	capital Y with diaeres
ƒ	ƒ	ƒ	f with hook
ˆ	ˆ	ˆ	modifier letter circumflex accent
˜	˜	˜	small tilde
			en space
			em space
			thin space
‌	‌	‌	zero width non-joiner
‍	‍	‍	zero width joiner
‎	‎	‎	left-to-right mark
‏	‏	‏	right-to-left mark
–	–	–	en dash
—	—	—	em dash

‘	‘	‘	left single quotation mark
’	’	’	right single quotation mark
‚	‚	‚	single low-9 quotation mark
“	"	“	left double quotation mark
”	"	”	right double quotation mark
„	„	„	double low-9 quotation mark
‡	‡	‡	double dagger
•	•	•	bullet
…	…	…	horizontal ellipsis
‰	‰	‰	per mille
′	′	′	minutes
″	″	″	seconds
‹	‹	‹	single left angle quotation
›	›	›	single right angle quotation
‾	‾	‾	overline
‾	‾	‾	overline
€	€	€	euro
™	™ or #153;	™	trademark
←	←	←	left arrow
↑	↑	↑	up arrow
→	→	→	right arrow
↓	↓	↓	down arrow
↔	↔	↔	left right arrow
↵	↵	↵	carriage return arrow
⌈	⌈	⌈	left ceiling
⌉	⌉	⌉	right ceiling
⌊	⌊	⌊	left floor
⌋	⌋	⌋	right floor
◊	◊	◊	lozenge
♠	♠	♠	spade
♣	♣	♣	club
♥	♥	♥	heart
♦	♦	♦	diamond

Non-breaking Space

Non-breaking Space （不间断空格）

The non-breaking space ( ) is one of the most common character entities used in HTML. It is a space that doesn’t break into a new line. This means, that two words that are divided by a non-breaking space will stay together. Besides, the non-breaking space stops browsers from truncating spaces in HTML pages. （不间断空格()是HTML中最常用的字符实体之一。这是一个不会分成新行的空间。这意味着，被不间断空格分隔的两个单词将保持在一起。此外，不间断的空格可阻止浏览器截断HTML页面中的空格。）

Diacritical Marks

Diacritical Marks （变音符）

When we say a diacritical mark, we mean a “glyph” that is added to a letter. Some of these marks, like grave ( ̀) and acute ( ́) are called accents. Diacritical marks may occur above and below a letter, between two letters or inside a letter. （当我们说变音符号时，我们指的是添加到字母中的“字形”。其中一些标记，如墓碑（ grave ）和尖锐（ acute ），被称为重音符号。变音符号可能出现在字母的上方和下方、两个字母之间或字母内部。）

Here is a list containing some diacritical marks:

Mark	Character	Construct	Result

̀	a	à	à
́	a	á	á
̂	a	â	â
̃	a	ã	ã
̀	O	Ò	Ò
́	O	Ó	Ó
̂	O	Ô	Ô
̃	O	Õ	Õ

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HTML Entities

Character Entities Commonly Used in HTML

Math Symbols Supported by HTML

Greek Letters Supported by HTML

Other Entities Supported by HTML

Non-breaking Space

Diacritical Marks

人工客服

工单服务

投诉建议

Mark	Character	Construct	Result

̀	a	à	à
́	a	á	á
̂	a	â	â
̃	a	ã	ã
̀	O	Ò	Ò
́	O	Ó	Ó
̂	O	Ô	Ô
̃	O	Õ	Õ

Mark	Character	Construct	Result

̀	a	à	à
́	a	á	á
̂	a	â	â
̃	a	ã	ã
̀	O	Ò	Ò
́	O	Ó	Ó
̂	O	Ô	Ô
̃	O	Õ	Õ

HTML Entities

Character Entities Commonly Used in HTML #

Math Symbols Supported by HTML #

Greek Letters Supported by HTML #

Other Entities Supported by HTML #

Non-breaking Space #

Diacritical Marks #

人工客服

工单服务

投诉建议

Character Entities Commonly Used in HTML

Math Symbols Supported by HTML

Greek Letters Supported by HTML

Other Entities Supported by HTML

Non-breaking Space

Diacritical Marks

Mark	Character	Construct	Result

̀	a	à	à
́	a	á	á
̂	a	â	â
̃	a	ã	ã
̀	O	Ò	Ò
́	O	Ó	Ó
̂	O	Ô	Ô
̃	O	Õ	Õ