HTML Introduction
HTML Introduction （HTML简介）
HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. It is a markup language used to create web pages and applications that can be displayed on the internet. HTML is a straightforward computer coding language that was developed in the 90s. It is used to design web pages using a markup language. HTML is the combination of Hypertext and Markup language. Hypertext defines the link between web pages. （HTML代表超文本标记语言。它是一种标记语言，用于创建可以在互联网上显示的网页和应用程序。HTML是90年代开发的一种简单的计算机编码语言。它用于使用标记语言设计网页。HTML是超文本和标记语言的组合。超文本定义网页之间的链接。）
HTML tags are used to define HTML elements. An HTML element usually consists of a start tag and an end tag, with the content inserted in between. HTML tags are used to create HTML documents and render their content on web browsers. Some of the basic HTML tags include <html>, <head>, <title>, <body>, <h1> to <h6>, <p>, <br>, <hr>, <ul>, <ol>, <li>, <a>, <img> and many more .
HTML Versions
HTML Versions （HTML版本）
HTML was first developed by British physicist Tim Berners-Lee in 1990. Since that time, there have been many versions of HTML. （HTML最初由英国物理学家Tim Berners-Lee于1990年开发。从那时起， HTML出现了许多版本。）
| Version | Year |
|---|---|
| HTML | 1991 |
| HTML+ | 1993 |
| HTML 2.0 | 1995 |
| HTML 3.2 | 1997 |
| HTML 4.01 | 1999 |
| XHTML 1.0 | 2000 |
| HTML5 | 2012 |
| XHTML5 | 2013 |
Basic HTML Concepts
Basic HTML Concepts （基本HTML概念）
Elements, tags, and attributes are basic concepts in HTML. （元素、标签和属性是HTML中的基本概念。）
HTML element is a main structural unit of a web page. HTML tags are used to define HTML elements, and attributes provide additional information about these elements. （HTML元素是网页的主要结构单元。HTML标记用于定义HTML元素，属性提供有关这些元素的其他信息。）
HTML Tags
HTML Tags （HTML 标签）
HTML tags are used to structure website content (text, hyperlinks, images, media, etc). Tags are not displayed in the browsers, they only “instruct” browsers how to show the content of the web page. （HTML标签用于构建网站内容（文本、超链接、图像、媒体等）。标签不会显示在浏览器中，它们只是“指示”浏览器如何显示网页的内容。）
There are over 100 tags in HTML, and you can find them in our HTML tutorial. （HTML中有100多个标签，您可以在我们的HTML教程中找到它们。）
HTML tags are written in angle brackets (e.g <html>).
Most of HTML tags comes in pairs, like <p> </p> tags. The first tag in a pair called the start (opening) tag, and the second tag is the end (closing) tag. The information is written between opening and closing tags.
However, there are unpaired, or empty tags, which only have opening tag. (for ex. <img/>).
Let’s consider an example. （我们来看一个例子。）
If you need to define a paragraph (which is an element ) you should use <p> tag. The content of the paragraph you should write between opening (<p>) and closing (</p>) tags.
Example
This is a paragraph between opening <p> and closing </p> tags.
HTML Attributes
HTML Attributes （HTML属性）
HTML attributes are added to an HTML element to provide additional information about it. For example, if you define an image with <img/> tag, you can use src, height, width attributes to provide information about its source, height, width correspondingly.
Structure of an HTML Document
Structure of an HTML Document （HTML文档的结构）
The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration specifies the HTML version used in the document. Every HTML document should start with this declaration so that the browsers can render the page compliant with HTML standards.
There exist several types of <!DOCTYPE> defined for each HTML version.
All the content on the webpage is written between <html> </html> tags. The <html> element is used to give information to the browsers that it is an HTML document.
The <head> element contains metadata (data about the HTML document), character set, document title, styles, etc. This data is not shown to viewers.
The <title> displays the title of the website in the browser tab when the page is loaded. The title is written between <title> </title> tags.
The <body> element contains the content of the webpage (text, images, videos, etc). The content is written between <body> </body>.
Heading elements contain different types of headings. There are six heading levels - <h1>-<h6>, where <h1> is the most important and <h6> least important tags.
The <p> element contains paragraphs of the text. The content is written between <p> and </p> tags.
Example
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Title of the document</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>The most important heading.</h1>
<p> The first paragraph.</p>
<h2> Subheading</h2>
</body>
</html>
Result
To start writing HTML code for your website you will need an editor. Let’s speak about HTML editors in our next chapter. （要开始为您的网站编写HTML代码，您需要一个编辑器。在下一章中，让我们来谈谈HTML编辑器。）